The mining and processing industry being complex, the issue of water use is of primary importance. Oil refinery wastewater is highly toxic and poses a serious environmental problem due to the high volume of water disposal. Besides, commercial oil products can be lost with wastewater and produced water. Use of contaminated produced water decreases the production rate of oil wells. Thus, one of the industry’s primary objectives is thorough and quality wastewater treatment to existing standards.
The capacity of oil refinery water rotation system can amount to 10000m3 and wastewater quantity can reach thousands of cubic meters per hour. Back water and wastewater are contaminated with oil products, suspended mechanical impurities, emulsions and solutes. Wastewater treatment must provide efficiency of the processing equipment within the specified framework, and wastewater treatment plants must minimize the dangerous effect of industrial production on the environment.

In terms of the wastewater amount produced Mining and metallurgical sector is in the top four alongside heat power industry (50% of industrial water use), chemical industry, and oil and gas industry. The negative effect on the natural water bodies is characteristic of metallurgical production – mining industry, beneficiation plants, blast-furnace ironmaking, steelmaking, coke and by-product process, electrochemical production, pipe-rolling production, metal working etc. The main water treatment techniques used in the industry are normally comprised of the physicochemical water treatment methods: neutralization, flocculation, coagulation, sedimentation, ion-exchange, evaporating, filtration, adsorption, biological purification, the electrochemical method and the electromagnetic (non-intrusive) method.
Industrial wastewater is normally purified using uninterrupted sedimentation and flocculation combined with filtration and dewatering, flotation under pressure coupled with uninterrupted removal of particles and activated carbon adsorption; ion-exchange units are used for selective wastewater deionazation. Ore flotation and further recycling and aqueous solution purification are employed as well.

Pulping, bleaching and ink filtration require large amounts of water (350 m3 per ton). Flotation, coagulation, disk filters and strainers, ultra- and nanofiltration are the water treatment methods applied in water rotation cycles.

A lot of waste is produced during building materials manufacturing, which can have detrimental effect on the environment. It’s necessary to recycle this waste and purify fresh water.